Yang Mu was born in 1940 in the small coastal city of Huilan in east Taiwan as Ching-hsien Wang. He received his BA in English from Tunghai University in Taiwan, his MFA from the University of Iowa, and his PhD in comparative literature from the University of California at Berkeley. He has taught at many universities in North America, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, but he spent most of his academic career at the University of Washington, Seattle. He has also served in important administrative positions, including the founding dean of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at the National Dong Hwa University in his hometown of Hualian and the founding director of the Institute of Literature and Philosophy at Academia Sinica, the premiere national research institution in Taiwan. He currently holds an endowed chair at Dong Hwa.

Yang Mu has been writing poetry continuously for sixty years. The longevity of his career is matched by his extraordinary creativity, which has exerted a transformative influence on Taiwanese poetry in general from the 1950s to the present. His poetry assimilates the best that the Chinese and the Western traditions have to offer, deftly blending classicism and surrealism, romanticism and modernism. His poetry may be lyrical or dramatic, contemplative or defiant, elegiac or erotic. In an age when poetry is indisputably considered to be minority literature, Yang Mu enjoys enduring popularity among readers of several generations. His accomplishments beyond the realm of poetry are demonstrable in prose, literary criticism, scholarship on classical Chinese poetry, comparative literature, and editing, as well as the translation of poetry.

Yang Mu has been married to Ying-ying Hsia for thirty-five years; they have a son, Bruce.────Michelle Yeh

Works

傳說(1971)

《傳說》(Legends: A Collection of Poems)(台北:志文出版社,1971)


〈十二星象練習曲〉導讀/曾珍珍

這首組詩寫於1970年,獲第一屆「詩宗獎」,次年輯入《傳說》,公認是這本華文現代詩經典壓軸之作。楊牧1966年秋進入加州大學柏克萊分校攻讀比較文學系,主修中西古典文學,1971年以詩經口語創作套辭研究獲博士學位。這段柏克萊時期對於中西古典詩歌的潛心鑽研,結合校園自由主義思潮、搖滾樂的流行,以及就地觀察反越戰學生運動受到感染,對楊牧的創作活動產生深遠影響。他脫胎換骨了,這首詩是他詩風丕變最明確的見證。首先,他大膽將性愛與戰爭場景對位並呈、讓他們互為指涉,藉此寫出性愛的暴烈和戰爭的殘酷,同時糅入對生態隳毀、環境污染的控訴,讓這三股主題以類似意識流的方式時而交疊,時而岔離,看似理路熨貼卻又頭緒紛紜,非線性的「練習曲」敘事鋪陳出若隱若現的情節(一名野戰士兵在衝鋒陷陣的同時沈溺於性愛狂想),寫就一首前衛十足、創意涉險的反戰詩。除了文字風格破除了傳統與現代的二元界分,結構上以中國古代的地支為組詩分章命名,又依章名將其與時辰、方位、生肖的關連,結合西方的對應星象,為各章設計背景、動作、情節─這樣的中西並蓄,有效超越了文化分野。而以地支與星象為象徵,搭建出虛擬小宇宙,作為希臘神話式原始、狂野想像快意馳騁的舞台,這樣的反戰吶喊通過了詩歌藝術極度嚴峻的挑戰,取得了普世切應性,迴避落入一時一地單一陣營政治宣傳的窠臼。
星圖的虛擬建構展現了充沛的知性與創造力,分章內容的細膩設計也毫不遜色。試以特例"巳"章、"申、酉"章和"戌"章為例說明。巳為早上9─11時,對應於處女星座。反映這星座的潔癖特質,"巳"章合該只有一行,而且刻意將性愛按下不表,以晶瑩的意象,「上午多露水的花」,取代。相對於"巳"章,"戌"章的時辰係晚上7─9時的初更,星座則對應於水瓶座,乃美少男的星座,也合該只有四行,且以「細雨落在我們的槍桿上」與"巳"章泫露的花一雄一雌互相呼應。申酉合章屬破格,破格反而破解了結構上的機械性,將之轉化為有機體;而且,因此騰出的篇幅可以讓給終章"亥"去發揮,用對仗典故喻示愛與救贖、戰爭與死亡。申酉的對應方位為西,星座為射手和磨羯,生肖為猴,它們被用做引興,巧妙組構出這一章的事件、時間和背景。除了"申、酉"章的猴之外,出現在整首詩的生肖還有兔、龍、馬,與各地支分章皆對應準確,可見詩人用心。
"卯"章的微妙也值得一提。卯時為早上5─7時,對應季節為春,星座為巨蟹,生肖為兔。蟹既為橫行的動物,倒行逆施,故寫其在春天「以多足的邪褻搖擺出萬種秋分的色彩」,這是自然的失序。人寰的失序則是戰爭造成的。春天綠草萋萋的原野地景變成了戎裝上用來掩護的斑紋,變成了屠殺的戰場,連女嬰也不能倖免。只有悔罪,唾棄戰爭,萬物才能恢復生機,戀人才能享受愛的歡愉,於是,第三段結束前用春日野兔「越過溪澗和死亡的床褥」此一牧歌意象召喚出復活的情境。這一章有別於其它各章,每一段皆以英文字"versatile"啟應作結,賦予全章一種教堂禮拜儀式的氛圍。"versatile"意為多才多藝,亦指隨勢變通、甚至任人擺弄。這字出現三次,各有寓意,從反諷、控訴、到禮讚。詩人透過versatile的多義性,邀請讀著在閱讀這首詩時,用心體會蘊含其中多重的調性。
最後,你能分辨出終章"亥"第一段的橄欖園隱含著基督教復活的福音嗎?耶穌上十字架前,曾在橄欖園通宵禱告,揭開了讓復活從神話變成史實的序幕。第二段「海輪負回我中毒的旗幟」則隱隱連結於中古愛情傳奇Tristan ,後來被華格納改編成不朽的歌劇,刻劃愛與死的糾葛。殘酷的戰爭、狂烈的愛情,釀成多少千古悲劇!
有人竟敢嘗試用近乎巴洛克藝術風格的詩為反戰吶喊,而且實驗成功!

  


No comments:

Post a Comment

This site is best viewed in Google Chrome.

「Yang Mu」2014年最新部落格由國立中興大學人文與社會科學研究中心規劃製作 (Template is applied from Templateism | MyBloggerLab) Copyright © 2014

Theme images by richcano. Powered by Blogger.