Yang Mu was born in 1940 in the small coastal city of Huilan in east Taiwan as Ching-hsien Wang. He received his BA in English from Tunghai University in Taiwan, his MFA from the University of Iowa, and his PhD in comparative literature from the University of California at Berkeley. He has taught at many universities in North America, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, but he spent most of his academic career at the University of Washington, Seattle. He has also served in important administrative positions, including the founding dean of the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at the National Dong Hwa University in his hometown of Hualian and the founding director of the Institute of Literature and Philosophy at Academia Sinica, the premiere national research institution in Taiwan. He currently holds an endowed chair at Dong Hwa.

Yang Mu has been writing poetry continuously for sixty years. The longevity of his career is matched by his extraordinary creativity, which has exerted a transformative influence on Taiwanese poetry in general from the 1950s to the present. His poetry assimilates the best that the Chinese and the Western traditions have to offer, deftly blending classicism and surrealism, romanticism and modernism. His poetry may be lyrical or dramatic, contemplative or defiant, elegiac or erotic. In an age when poetry is indisputably considered to be minority literature, Yang Mu enjoys enduring popularity among readers of several generations. His accomplishments beyond the realm of poetry are demonstrable in prose, literary criticism, scholarship on classical Chinese poetry, comparative literature, and editing, as well as the translation of poetry.

Yang Mu has been married to Ying-ying Hsia for thirty-five years; they have a son, Bruce.────Michelle Yeh

Works

北斗行(1978)


《北斗行》(Songs of the Little Dipper: A Collection of Poems)(台北:洪範書店,1978)

〈論孤獨〉導讀/曾珍珍
這首詩作於2007年,輯入《長短歌行》(2013)。楊牧青壯年期(36歲)作〈孤獨〉,輯入《北斗行》(1978),詩中將孤獨寫成一匹衰老的獸,在詩人黃昏獨酌時,從他充滿風暴的內心世界「費力地走進」酒杯裡,與詩人對看。詩人不忍見其憂戚的神色,「慈祥地把他送回心裡」,孤獨這匹獸被酒壓抑、馴服了。越30載,幾近從心所欲不逾己的詩人作〈論孤獨〉,這時,孤獨已完全褪去了善變的保護色,它就是存在的終極處境,詩人坦然面對,涵泳其中,在孤獨裡淬練出不朽的詩魂。將這二首詩兩相對照,更能體會楊牧如何透過近期極簡風格,以超越的視野,旋又回歸現象,體味自然,形塑出詩哲風範。
極簡主義繪畫大師婁斯可(Mark Rothko, 1903-1970)棄世前參與設計了位於美國德州休士頓的婁斯可小教堂(The Rothko Chapel1971年完工)。這間跨教派的小教堂室內為一八角形空間,向來以大膽設色讓世人驚艷的藝術大師替每面牆設計了一幅髹滿玄墨的畫,玄黑中似有色澤若隱若現。如今,這裡已成為來自世界各地不同信仰的人前來默禱的聖地,而定期舉辦的座談會和表演活動也讓它成為國際文化、宗教、哲學的交流中心。〈論孤獨〉形同楊牧為漢語現代詩設計的婁斯可小教堂,解讀這首詩時,請想像你正獨自一人置身在小教堂裡,面對玄黑的壁畫冥想,像詩人在詩的開端臆想一切人類燦爛的文明皆已泯滅、不可恃,它會引你進入什麼樣的化境?
我化身成詩人「端坐幻化的樹下」,成了佛陀/基督,攬天下蒼生的悲喜哀樂入懷,同時驚覺原來那引領我悟道的,正是前生詩作的總和,我長年安於孤獨的修持。
然而,倘若誠如有人主張,語言徒增迷障,感性的文字不具任何啟示功能,而一切精心打造的象徵果然比不上實體自然裡一朵招蜂引蝶的薔薇。詩讓人與本體、現象雙向疏離,與悟道何干?
詩與悟道何干?!詩是我的選擇,我選擇沿著這條孤獨的路前行。我的肉身在詩裡迴旋起舞(以葉慈的鐶镟,gyre,為舞容?),記憶把我帶回創作〈蘆葦地帶〉的情境,帶回〈單人舞曲〉、〈雙人舞〉,帶回〈水妖〉,帶回讓我懷念母親的那一大片河畔菅芒花。穿過菅芒、穿過蘆葦、蒹葭,進入長滿菇菌的森林、鮭魚的原鄉,憑藉詩,我找到美的極致,回到生命的源頭。我的知性辯證、肉身旋舞,在交疊、流動時間意識裡上下求索,又「在速度的中心/靜止」("a still point of the turning wheel"─艾略特,《四首四重奏》)。即使這是死亡之舞,我的靈魂在孤獨中成形,見證語言或恐絕滅,惟詩不朽。
這首冥想的詩以「雁在冷天高處啼」作結,泯除了物象與象徵的界分。身在西雅圖的詩人從冥想中回到現實世界,入耳凌空一聲雁啼,彷彿再現了唐詩、元曲,或者俳句的孤獨意境。心物交感當下,思接千載,何孤獨之有?而云詩不朽,有濟慈的〈夜鷹頌〉、葉慈的〈航向拜占庭〉為證。吾道不孤!
      

      

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